One of the components in this supplement is maltodextrin. Higher is the gi, higher is the oxidative stress created by this substance and it would result in worse mitochondrial damage.

Dog eats it as a treat. My youngest gsd likes them as well, and she's finicky so they must taste good!

My gsd pup echo has imha (from a vaccine injury) which is a disease that can kill him if he relapses.

It works for maintaining a healthy urinary track. Blades of grass and dirt always touch as she squats to pee. As far as her uti, both this pill and the powder form seem to have corrected her urine problem.